XPS has a higher density as compared to EPS, due to the absence of air passages between its cells. consists of micro-pellets or beads containing a blowing agent (usually pentane). It is also easy to fabricate into a large number of The biggest problem is expandable polystyrene (EPS); due to We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. CD cases, cosmetic HIPS is tougher and has a greater impact strength than unfilled polystyrene. Some of its weaknesses can be overcome by copolymerization with other monomers. Here we shall learn about the physical, mechanical, optical, thermal, electrical, and chemical properties of polystyrene. lower-cost and lower-density resins to gain market share in Sulfonation of polystyrene (PS) has been studied by a number of researchers, 1-3 however, little detail is available in the literature about the sulfonation reactions and the thermal properties of the product. The grafting occurs when some What is polystyrene? PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Tensile Strength 2.20 - 2.70 N/mm² Notched Impact Strength 10.0 - 20.0 Kj/m² Thermal Coefficient of expansion 80 x 10-6 Max Cont Use Temp 60 - 80 oC Density 1.03 - 1.06 g/cm3 RESISTANCE TO CHEMICALS Dilute Acid ** Dilute Alkalis **** Thus, it is classified as a hydrocarbon. The following table shows the value of the mechanical properties of general purpose polystyrene (GPPS). developed alternative insulating plastics for thermal applications, This page shows summary ranges across both of them. Insulating: The thermal insulating properties of EPS help keep food fresh and prevent condensation throughout the distribution chain. The improvemen… Polyethylene is remarkably dense and available in sheets, film, and fibrous forms. of the radicals react with the double bonds of the polybutadiene. However, polystyrene has several limitations. Properties Polystyrene (PS) is a clear, amorphous, nonpolar commodity thermoplastic that is easy to process and that can be easily converted into a large number of … Polystyrene is not a toxic product, and is approved by the FDA for use in the manufacture of food containers. XPS has a higher density as compared to EPS, due to the absence of air passages between its cells. Now that we have seen the structure of polystyrene, let us delve a little deeper into its properties. We expect other Extruded polystyrene (XPS) is one form of the polymer that has high tensile strength, with good elasticity. However, since crystal polystyrene is brittle, other polymers are added to polystyrene to improve its strength, and copolymers are formed as a result. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. These linear polymers are said to be thermoplastic. Polystyrene's chemical formula is (C 8H 8) n; it contains the chemical elements carbon and hydrogen. has excellent optical clarity due to the lack of crystallinity, and has good chemical resistance to diluted acids and bases. Now that we know what it is used for, let’s examine some of the key properties of Polystyrene. If you look at the chemical structure of polystyrene, you’ll see that it is composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms only. photolysis. It is soluble in solvents that contain acetone, such as most aerosol paint sprays and cyanoacrylate glues. Expanded Polystyrene Properties and Key Benefits EPS is a lightweight material with good insulation characteristics offering benefits such as: Thermal Properties (insulation) - EPS has very low thermal conductivity due to its closed cell structure consisting of 98% air. Polystyrene can be rigid or foamed. The correspondence of the Kubelka–Munk scattering coefficient with Mie was obvious, and relative errors v… laboratory scale and some have been extensively investigated. The properties of polypropylene that make the material popular include the non-toxic and non-staining nature of the plastic, and the relatively inexpensive cost of production. thermoplastic that is easy to process and that can be easily Polystyrene has a number of properties: it has a low melting point, it is translucent before tint is added, and it is hard and brittle. PP products in the general recycle stream. Thus, it is classified as a hydrocarbon. thermoplastic market1. These colors are added to the plastic in its liquid state. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. It becomes rigid again when it cools down. EPS insulation material also has applications in horticulture in seedling trays to promote aeration of soil. with this monomer to an alternating structure. Polystyrene is produced by the polymerization of the monomer styrene, which is a derivative of petroleum. Below its Tg, it has medium to high Styrene is produced from ethylene and benzene. This material is a clear, amorphous, nonpolar commodity thermoplastic that is easy to process and that can be easily converted into a large number of semi-finished products like foams, films, and sheets. On the other hand, polystyrene is available in sheet, film, and foam forms. The transformation of carbon-carbon double bonds into less reactive single bonds in polystyrene, is the main reason for its chemical stability. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. What are its properties, and what is it used for? Introduction. Given below are the values of the optical properties of GPPS. EPS: Expandable polystyrene Thermal, rheological, mechanical, and electrical properties were highlighted. It is a long-chain hydrocarbon, and its chemical formula is C8H8)n. Given below is the chemical structure of polystyrene. its low density, it takes up a relative large amount of space in market. Styrene is produced from ethylene and benzene. Three different thermal treatments were investigated: a first quenching from the melt state to different temperatures, a second quenching from +7°C, and finally an annealing. transparent, rigid and rather brittle low cost disposable consumer plastic goods as well as parts for optical, electronic/electrical, It is sold under various trade names, including Polystyrene polymers get degraded on exposure to sunlight, due to photo oxidation, which affects its mechanical properties. Crystal polystyrene is not crystalline; for parts which require high(er) impact resistance. Polystyrene is a thermoplastic. Nichrome is an alloy used in various heating elements. is several million tons per year. For example, polystyrene can be copolymerized traditional large volume applications of expandable polystyrene. Expanded Polystyrene – Expanded Polystyrene or EPS has great properties such as low weight, high rigidity, and formability. Applications of Polystyrene Would you like to write for us? The effect of free quenching on the mechanical, thermal, and thermophysical properties of polystyrene has been investigated. Unfilled polystyrene is amorphous, and has a glassy, sparkling appearance. The production volume of polystyrene and styrene copolymers One of the most important styrene copolymers is poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (PSAN). It is also compression resistant, meaning that polystyrene is ideal for stacking packaging goods. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Both EPS and XPS are made from similar materials but there are difference between the two. The range of properties available along with the ease of processing make polystyrene a good choice for many applications. Properties and Uses of Polystyrene. Polystyrene foam EPS can be used in manufacture of sliders, model planes and even surfboards because of its positive strength to weight ratio. However, polystyrene can be very easily shaped and formed, es… Expanded polystyrene properties and characteristics Density. The products and articles finished in expanded polystyrene are characterized by being extraordinarily light but resistant. It also offers remarkable resistance from chemicals, UV light, and moisture. Furthermore, its upper temperature limit for continual use is rather low Also, XPS is waterproof and is an effective thermal insulator. Styrofoam™, Depending on the application, densities range from 10kg/m3 to 35kg/m3. Polystyrene insulation is inert, durable and resistant to water damage. Also, XPS is waterproof and is an effective thermal insulator. These cookies do not store any personal information. Polystyrene is a polymer that is cheap and easy to process. Our site includes quite a bit of content, so if you're having an issue finding what you're looking for, go on ahead and use that search feature there! Polystyrene Characteristics. In the market, you’ll find polystyrene in both, pellet and sheet form. What is Polystyrene (PS)? It is commonly known as Styrofoam™. Color. heat stability, and improved mechanical properties. converted into a large number of semi-finished products like foams, The optical properties of 1 μm polystyrene in the wavelength range of 500–750 nm were estimated by using a white light spectrophotometric transmittance spectroscopy and a single integrating sphere system. It is rigid, but when heated to 100 Celsius, it becomes a flowing liquid. tensile strength (35 - 55 MPa) but low impact strength (15 - 20 J/m). Here are the values for the physical properties of general purpose polystyrene (GPPS). Polystyrene is a synthetic polymer made from styrene monomer, which is a liquid petrochemical. (2013)2The term crystal is used to describe the excellent optical clarity of the product. The physical properties of polystyrene are due to the presence of weak van der Waals forces between the chains of polymer. The advantage of thermoplastics is that they can be molded into a host of useful products. Medical applications include pipettes, Petri dishes and medicine containers. quality, very durable plastic products suitable for many demanding applications. also known as crystal-clear polystyrene, is a fully world. Both copolymers have very high stress and impact resistance and ABS It is a major contributor to the debris in the ocean. Polystyrene is chemically inert, and does not react with most substances. GPPS is a solid product manufactured in the form of 2-5 mm pellets. The later is used as a cross-linking agent in a large number of different polymer materials. Medical and pharmaceutical equipment are also manufactured using this polymer. The density of polystyrene can vary from 10kg/m. Despite all these weaknesses, styrene polymers are very attractive large-volume commodity plastics. Continuous insulation is required by ASHRAE 90.11 , the U.S. energy standard for all commercial and some residentialbuildings. Polystyrene is a versatile thermoplastic that is available in a wide range of formulations. However, these copolymers often yield yellow products. Given below are the values of the thermal properties for GPPS. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. and sheet form. Thermal properties are the properties exhibited by the substance when it is subjected to heat. CAN/ULC-S701 Physical Properties of Expanded Polystyrene. The article below highlights some of the important chemical properties of copper. EPS has a reduced thermal conductivity, with a density of about 28-45kg/m3. The other common form of polystyrene is expanded polystyrene (EPS). The natural color of expanded polystyrene is white, this is due to light refraction. It is also used to manufacture disposable cutlery, plates, cups, etc. Polystyrene, on complete oxidation, produces only carbon dioxide and water vapor. Read this ScienceStruck article to know more about calcium chloride. It is attacked by hydrocarbon solvents, has poor oxygen and UV resistance, Polystyrene is a vinyl polymer, manufactured from the styrene monomer by free radical vinyl polymerization. It is a thermoplastic polymer which softens when heated and can be converted via semi-finished products, such as films and sheets, into a wide range of final articles. PROPERTIES Hard, rigid, translucent, impact strength up to 7 x GPPS, other properties similar. ™. and medical applications. Discover the activities, projects, and degrees that will fuel your love of science. Get in touch with us and we'll talk... Styrene is an aromatic monomer, commercially manufactured from petroleum. Hence, it finds use in a wide variety of applications such as food containers, packaging material, building insulation, and more. Styropor®, and Polystyrene is produced by the polymerization of the monomer styrene, which is a derivative of petroleum. Copper is a fairly common, red-colored metal. Polystyrene is a rigid, transparent thermoplastic, which is present in solid or glassy state at normal temperature. containers, covers and fixtures. Polystyrene is available in two forms: Rigid - A commonly used rigid form of polystyrene is high impact polystyrene (HIPS) available in granule. it is completely amorphous. containers, cushioned packaging, and thermal insulation for the construction Despite its advantageous properties, polystyrene is brittle and flammable; it also softens in boiling water and, without the addition of chemical stabilizers, yellows upon prolonged exposure to sunlight. In chemical terms, polystyrene is a long chain hydrocarbon wherein alternating carbon centers are attached to phenyl groups (a derivative of benzene). While polystyrene and polyethylene share a few similarities, they have a few defining differences. transition temperature (Tg) Advantages of Polystyrene include: Cheap, rigid, transparent, easy to mould and good dimensional stability. landfills.In recent years, the (food) packaging industry has It is commonly known as. Expanded polystyrene is widely used in building and construction as its inherent strength, durability, and thermal insulation properties make it an ideal choice for energy efficient buildings. But, when heated above its glass transition temperature, it turns into liquid form that flows and can be easily used for molding and extrusion. Polystyrene is a linear polymer, and, like most linear polymers, the application of heat and pressure will cause it soften and take on new shapes. However, no other styrene polymer has become a large-volume Good electrical properties, low dielectric loss. Let's find out! Polystyrene is a synthetic aromatic hydrocarbon polymer made from monomer styrene. commodity thermoplastic. Polystyrene was first produced in Germany, in the year 1930, by I.G. Given below are the values of these properties for GPPS. The diverse physical and chemical properties of calcium chloride make it a very useful compound for various industries. To retrieve the optical characteristics, two analytical methods, namely, diffusion approximation and Kubelka–Munk were used, and then their results were compared with Mie theory calculations. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. The viscosity of polystyrene, like all other non-Newtonian fluids, depends on the shear rate. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. like Versalite Depending on the application it is used for, Polystyrene's properties will change. The copolymer poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (PSMA) Since density affects the physical properties of the polystyrene and cost it is important to understand what densities are most suitable for which construction applications. Now, if you observe the bonds in its chemical structure, you’ll see that the carbon atoms are linked to one another by covalent bonds. (100°C). It is a synthetic polymer made of monomer styrene. Properties . produced are α-methylstyrene, o-, m-, and p-methylstyrene, Now, if you observe the bonds in its chemical structure, you’ll see that the carbon atoms are linked to one another by covalent bonds. Every alternate carbon atom on the polystyrene chain has a phenyl group (name given to benzene ring) attached to it. It is highly flammable and burns with an orange yellow flame, giving off carbon particles or soot, as a characteristic of all aromatic hydrocarbons. Well, we're looking for good writers who want to spread the word. finished goods since it is a viscous liquid above its glass Most of the chemical properties of polystyrene are as a result of the unique properties of carbon. Lightweight polystyrene foam provides excellent thermal insulation in numerous applications, such as building walls and roofing, refrigerators and freezers, and industrial cold storage facilities. Extruded Polystyrene is manufacture in one density. The higher density makes XPS more rigid and strong. There are different types of polystyrene. The mechanical properties of a polymer include its strength, elongation, modulus, impact strength, and toughness. films, and sheets. Sign up to receive the latest and greatest articles from our site automatically each week (give or take)...right to your inbox. Polystyrene is typically (but not always) a homopolymer meaning that it is composed only of the monomer styrene in combination with itself. range for a large number of applications with a broad range of processing methods which permits the manufacture of high Given below is the chemical structure of polystyrene. improved heat resistance and high dimensional stability. GPPS is transparent while high impact polystyrene (HIPS), which is a copolymer formed by adding rubber to polystyrene at the time of polymerization, is opaque. PS is made by the polymerization of styrene which is a kind of building block material used to produce a variety of plastic products. The viscoelastic properties of a series of syndiotactic polystyrene (s-PS) melts with high stereoregularity and different molecular weights (Mw= 134–1160 kg/mol) are measured in a wide achievable temperature range (270–310 °C) to determine the entanglement molecular weight … The higher density makes XPS more rigid and strong. This property of polystyrene is used for casting it into molds with fine detail. and is rather brittle, i.e. At room temperature, the thermoplastic polymer is a solid but when heated above 100 °C it flows. The expanded or foamed polystyrene is thermally insulating, has high impact resistance and good processability. This is the reason polystyrene is highly elastic and softens when heated beyond its glass transition temperature. Expanded Polystyrene is manufactured in a low, medium, high and extra high densities. It becomes solid again when it cools off. Polystyrene in Insulation. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. thermoplastic made from styrene monomer. The name has to do with the way the plastic responds to heat. It dissolves in some organic solvents. On heating, the forces weaken further, and the chains slide past one another. Also, being clear and transparent, it allows for the addition of various colors. It is one of the largest volume commodity However, like all other plastics, it is not biodegradable. Probably of equal importance are poly(styrene-co-butadiene) (SBR, The other common form of polystyrene is expanded polystyrene (EPS). Since then, it has come a long way, and today, it is one of the most widely manufactured polymers in the world, second only to polyethylene. The three most important grades of styrene are: GPPS: General purpose polystyrene, ASHRAE 90.1. One such copolymer is high impact polystyrene (HIPS), which is produced by adding polybutadiene rubber to polystyrene during the polymerization process. has higher tensile strength than pure PS. Styron™. PS is a very good electrical insulator, Extruded polystyrene (XPS) is one form of the polymer that has high tensile strength, with good elasticity. methoxystyrene, chlorostyrene, divinylbenzene and p-divinylbenzene. An important property of extruded polystyrene is its buoyancy or ability to float in water. In its HDPE and UHME forms, polyethylene is far more impact resistant and durable, making it ideal for use in construction. dielectric constant (ε) polystyrene (amorphous): 2.49-2.55 at 1kHz (curve flat to 1GHz)* PMMA: 3.6 at 50Hz, 25ºC; 3.0 at 1KHz, 25ºC; 2.6 at 1MHz, 25ºC; 2.57 at 30GHz, 25ºC; 2.59 at 138 GHz, 25ºC* dielectric strength polystyrene: (ASTM D 149): 19.7-22.7 MV/m; 500-575 Volts/mil; 19.7-22.7 kV/mm** PMMA: 17.7-60 kV/mm****** electrical conductivity polystyrene: 10-16 S/m******* PMMA: n/a resistivity [unit = Ohm cm] polystyrene: 1020 - 1022;* volume resistivity (ASTM D 257): 1.0 x 1017** PMMA: >1015*; 1014-101… However, it can be easily recycled. The transformation of carbon-carbon double bonds into less reactive single bonds in polystyrene, is the main reason for its chemical stability. What are its properties, and what is it used for? Polystyrene is a not biodegradable plastic and resistant to about Tg = 373 K that can be easily molded. A polypropylene plastic container. Unfilled polystyrene is also known as crystal polystyrene (PS) or general purpose polystyrene (GPPS). What is polystyrene? When ethylene passes into benzene in presence of an aluminum trichloride catalyst, ethylbenzene is produced, which on passing over a catalyst such as iron oxide or magnesium oxide at high temperature gets converted … For more specific values, follow the links immediately below. Physical property data on over two hundred and fifty polymers, Commercial commodity and engineering plastic resins, Physical and mechanical properties of polymers, Chemical properties and synthesis of polymers. The results have shown that a slight improvement of the impact strength can be obtained after a second quenching at 40°C, and a correlation between the mechanical and thermal properties is observed. Polystyrene is a hard, brilliantly transparent, stiff resin. Crystal forms of the polymer polystyrene have low impact strength. Read the following sections to know about the properties of this alloy of nickel and chromium. SBS) and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) (ABS). Polystyrene (PS): Production, Market, Price and its Properties . due to the lack of crystallinity and its low glass transition temperature of with methyl methacrylate. 1 Source: PlasticEurope / Consultic / ECEBD plastic, comprising approximately seven percent of the total These include the heat distortion temperature, glass transition temperature, thermal conductivity, etc. It is the ratio of the shear stress to shear rate. The graph bars on the material properties cards further below compare PS to: styrenic plastics (top), all thermoplastics (middle), and the entire database (bottom). This makes it the perfect choice for making floating boards. Property Poly(phenylethene) Expandable polystyrene, either crystal polystyrene2 or styrene copolymers soaked with a blowing agent (usually pentane), are used to produce various foamed However, HIPS has gloss, which is measured by the percentage of light reflected by the surface of the polymer. Properties of polystyrene. The strength of EPS foam along with its shock absorbing properties makes it effective for use in childrens seats and cycling helmets. has a higher Tg than pure polystyrene (400 - 430 K), Unmodified polystyrene is clear, rigid, brittle and moderately strong. products, like disposable drinking cups, egg cartons, trays, fast-food A large variety of products are formed by injection molding including dining utensils, plastic cups, housewares, toys, Let’s find out! Every alternate carbon atom on the polystyrene chain has a phenyl group (name given to benzene ring) attached to it. It is produced by the polymerization of styrene and is the most widely used plastic. If you look at the chemical structure of polystyrene, you’ll see that it is composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms only. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. HIPS: High impact polystyrene contains usually 5 to 10% rubber (butadiene) and is used We hope you are enjoying ScienceStruck! Electrical properties are the properties of a substance that determine its response to an electric field. It is a long-chain hydrocarbon, and its chemical formula is C. . Although recycable, polystyrene is not recycled in many parts of the To increase the heat resistance, styrene is sometimes copolymerized with small amounts of maleic anhydride or it is copolymerized There are different types of polystyrene. A key reason for this is the fact that it is a thermoplastic. better it has poor impact strength due to the stiffness of the polymer backbone. Both EPS and XPS are made from similar materials but there are difference between the two. Farben. Polystyrene (PS) is a clear, amorphous, nonpolar commodity HIPS is a graft copolymer having polystyrene sidearms. Excellent resistance to … Physical High Impact Polystyrene Properties and Uses As one of the most produced polymers worldwide, High Impact Polystyrene is glasslike in texture and used for all sorts of materials including yogurt containers, plastic cutlery, salad bowls, refrigerator lining, medical industry trays, and electrical insulation. Among those that are commercially Extruded polystyrene has insulating properties, and is used in the making of common household items and toys. Styrenic Copolymers and their blends are considered engineering thermoplastics because their properties can be tailored over a wide These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. One of the major uses of polystyrene is in the manufacture of polystyrene foam for packing objects for shipment. The copolymer poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) (PSMMA) has higher clarity and improved chemical and UV stability. Benzotriazoles are used mainly in polystyrene and PVC, but can also be used in acrylics and polycarbonates, and in polyurethanes and unsaturated polyesters. Depending on the type of PS it could be classified as a “thermoplastic” or a “thermoset” material. It is the material of choice for many applications including food-packaging, During the production phase, polypropylene can be combined with other materials, such as rubber, to alter its properties. The properties of PS include two common variations. It has much improved chemical resistance, which is an expanded polypropylene (PP) that can be recycled right along with other Polystyrene is one of the most important commodity plastics. 6789 Quail Hill Pkwy, Suite 211 Irvine CA 92603. The outstanding shock absorbency of expanded polystyrene packaging guarantees the protection of products. Copyright © Science Struck & Buzzle.com, Inc. If you’ve ever been to the swimming pool and noticed the colorful boards, you’ll know what we’re talking about! It is also known as crystal polystyrene. Many styrene derivatives have been synthesized on a

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